All careersEngineering & science

Medical Scientist

$103,410
median / year
$64,800 – $177,780
what most earn per year (10th–90th percentile)

What the job actually is

Design and run experiments to understand disease and develop treatments, then analyze and publish the results.

You may also see this posted as: Clinical Research Scientist, Research Scientist, Scientist, Study Director, Clinical Laboratory Scientist (Clinical Lab Scientist), Clinical Pharmacologist.

Where you work

University, hospital, and pharma labs

The hours

Full-time, longer near deadlines

The day to day

What you'd actually spend time doing

  • Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination.
  • Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels.
  • Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease.
  • Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure.
  • Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public.

Good fit if you like…

Investigative

solving problems, analyzing evidence, and figuring out how things work

Realistic

working with tools, equipment, materials, or the physical world

Conventional

organizing information, following systems, and getting details right

O*NET job zone 5 of 5

Extensive preparation—often graduate education and significant experience—is common.

Work styles that matter most

Intellectual CuriosityAttention to DetailDependabilityCautiousness

Software that shows up in the work

Examples employers report—not a checklist you must already know.

Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareRAdobe PhotoshopESRI ArcGIS softwareIBM SPSS Statistics

By the numbers

May 2025 BLS wage & employment data · 2024–34 BLS employment projections.

Median pay
$103,410
per year
Hourly median
$49.72
per hour
What most earn
$64,800–$177,780
yearly, 10th to 90th percentile
Openings a year
~9,600
projected, 2024–34
Outlook to 2034
+8.7%
Faster than average
Working in the U.S.
172,340
people, nationwide

Openings a year counts new jobs plus the ones that open when people retire or move on — a truer picture of your odds than growth alone.

“Median” means half earn more and half earn less. Your city, employer, and years on the job move it a lot — that is what the 10th-to-90th range shows.

BLS estimates 0.6% of workers in this occupation are self-employed.

What it pays in your state

Statewide medians are a better starting point than the national number. Your city and experience still matter.

BLS state wage tables

How you get in

Typical starting education

Doctoral / professional degree

Training path: Doctoral degree (PhD).

Related work experience: None.

On-the-job training: None.

License or certification

No license is needed unless the scientist also practices medicine, which requires a medical license.

Check the path where you live

Licensing rules and available programs change by state. These federal tools take you to the current official listings.

What it takes

Research designData analysisLab techniquesScientific writing

The honest take

Research that drives new treatments — meaningful work, but it takes a doctorate and a long training runway.

Standard Occupational Classification 19-1042. Pay and employment from the BLS May 2025 OEWS survey; outlook and openings from the 2024–34 employment projections; job context from the Occupational Outlook Handbook; tasks, interests, work styles, software examples, and job zone from O*NET 30.3. See something off? Tell us.