All careersEducation, law & social work

Judge

$153,990
median / year
$46,950 – $221,710
what most earn per year (10th–90th percentile)

What the job actually is

Preside over court cases, rule on law and procedure, and issue decisions and sentences.

You may also see this posted as: District Court Judge, Magistrate, Superior Court Judge, Circuit Court Judge, Circuit Judge, County Judge.

Where you work

Courtrooms and chambers.

The hours

Full-time weekday schedule, sometimes long

The day to day

What you'd actually spend time doing

  • Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes.
  • Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed.
  • Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts.
  • Write decisions on cases.
  • Read documents on pleadings and motions to ascertain facts and issues.

Good fit if you like…

Enterprising

leading, persuading, selling, or turning an idea into action

Conventional

organizing information, following systems, and getting details right

Social

helping, teaching, caring for, or supporting other people

O*NET job zone 5 of 5

Extensive preparation—often graduate education and significant experience—is common.

Work styles that matter most

DependabilityIntegrityAttention to DetailSelf-Control

Software that shows up in the work

Examples employers report—not a checklist you must already know.

Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookAdobe AcrobatMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft Word

By the numbers

May 2025 BLS wage & employment data · 2024–34 BLS employment projections.

Median pay
$153,990
per year
Hourly median
$74.03
per hour
What most earn
$46,950–$221,710
yearly, 10th to 90th percentile
Openings a year
~900
projected, 2024–34
Outlook to 2034
+2.5%
About average
Working in the U.S.
24,030
people, nationwide

Openings a year counts new jobs plus the ones that open when people retire or move on — a truer picture of your odds than growth alone.

“Median” means half earn more and half earn less. Your city, employer, and years on the job move it a lot — that is what the 10th-to-90th range shows.

What it pays in your state

Statewide medians are a better starting point than the national number. Your city and experience still matter.

BLS state wage tables

How you get in

Typical starting education

Doctoral / professional degree

Training path: Law degree + license.

Related work experience: 5 years or more.

On-the-job training: Short-term on-the-job training.

License or certification

Most judges are licensed attorneys, and many reach the bench by election or appointment.

Check the path where you live

Licensing rules and available programs change by state. These federal tools take you to the current official listings.

What it takes

Legal analysisImpartial judgmentWritingDecision-making

The honest take

A capstone legal career reached after years as a lawyer, often through election or appointment.

Standard Occupational Classification 23-1023. Pay and employment from the BLS May 2025 OEWS survey; outlook and openings from the 2024–34 employment projections; job context from the Occupational Outlook Handbook; tasks, interests, work styles, software examples, and job zone from O*NET 30.3. See something off? Tell us.