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Pathologist

$312,400
median / year
$92,540 – $449,970
what most earn per year (10th–90th percentile)

What the job actually is

Diagnose disease by examining tissue, cells, blood, and laboratory findings and advise other physicians on results.

You may also see this posted as: Anatomic Pathologist, Dermatopathologist, Forensic Pathologist, Cytopathologist, Hematopathologist, Neuropathologist.

Where you work

Hospitals, medical laboratories, universities, and offices.

The hours

Usually full-time; hospital roles may include call.

The day to day

What you'd actually spend time doing

  • Examine microscopic samples to identify diseases or other abnormalities.
  • Diagnose diseases or study medical conditions, using techniques such as gross pathology, histology, cytology, cytopathology, clinical chemistry, immunology, flow cytometry, or molecular biology.
  • Write pathology reports summarizing analyses, results, and conclusions.
  • Communicate pathologic findings to surgeons or other physicians.
  • Identify the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological change, and clinical significance of diseases.

Good fit if you like…

Investigative

solving problems, analyzing evidence, and figuring out how things work

Realistic

working with tools, equipment, materials, or the physical world

Conventional

organizing information, following systems, and getting details right

O*NET job zone 5 of 5

Extensive preparation—often graduate education and significant experience—is common.

Work styles that matter most

Intellectual CuriosityAttention to DetailDependabilityIntegrity

Software that shows up in the work

Examples employers report—not a checklist you must already know.

Microsoft AccessMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft PowerPointSAP softwareAccounts receivables system software

By the numbers

May 2025 BLS wage & employment data · 2024–34 BLS employment projections.

Median pay
$312,400
per year
Hourly median
$150.19
per hour
What most earn
$92,540–$449,970
yearly, 10th to 90th percentile
Openings a year
~400
projected, 2024–34
Outlook to 2034
+4.2%
About average
Working in the U.S.
11,110
people, nationwide

Openings a year counts new jobs plus the ones that open when people retire or move on — a truer picture of your odds than growth alone.

“Median” means half earn more and half earn less. Your city, employer, and years on the job move it a lot — that is what the 10th-to-90th range shows.

BLS estimates 4.5% of workers in this occupation are self-employed.

What it pays in your state

Statewide medians are a better starting point than the national number. Your city and experience still matter.

BLS state wage tables

How you get in

Typical starting education

Doctoral / professional degree

Training path: Medical school followed by paid pathology residency.

Related work experience: None.

On-the-job training: Internship/residency.

License or certification

Requires a medical license after medical school, residency, and board certification.

You can earn while you train. This field has a genuinely paid pathway in — an apprenticeship, a paid academy, or employer-funded training — so you draw a paycheck instead of taking on debt to learn it.

Check the path where you live

Licensing rules and available programs change by state. These federal tools take you to the current official listings.

What it takes

DiagnosisMicroscopyLaboratory medicineAttention to detail

The honest take

Diagnoses disease by examining tissue, blood, and laboratory results, often working behind the scenes in hospitals and labs.

Standard Occupational Classification 29-1222. Pay and employment from the BLS May 2025 OEWS survey; outlook and openings from the 2024–34 employment projections; job context from the Occupational Outlook Handbook; tasks, interests, work styles, software examples, and job zone from O*NET 30.3. See something off? Tell us.