All careersSkilled trades

Substation / Relay Technician

$103,020
median / year
$65,730 – $129,920
what most earn per year (10th–90th percentile)

What the job actually is

Install, test, calibrate, and repair relays, breakers, controls, and other electrical equipment in substations and powerhouses.

You may also see this posted as: Relay Technician, Substation Electrician, Substation Technician, Wireman, Electrical and Instrumentation Technician (E and I Technician), Electrical Technician.

Where you work

Utility substations, power plants, shops, and outdoor sites.

The hours

Full-time; on-call, overtime, and emergency work are common.

The day to day

What you'd actually spend time doing

  • Inspect and test equipment and circuits to identify malfunctions or defects, using wiring diagrams and testing devices such as ohmmeters, voltmeters, or ammeters.
  • Prepare and maintain records detailing tests, repairs, and maintenance.
  • Consult manuals, schematics, wiring diagrams, and engineering personnel to troubleshoot and solve equipment problems and to determine optimum equipment functioning.
  • Analyze test data to diagnose malfunctions, to determine performance characteristics of systems, or to evaluate effects of system modifications.
  • Open and close switches to isolate defective relays, performing adjustments or repairs.

Good fit if you like…

Realistic

working with tools, equipment, materials, or the physical world

Conventional

organizing information, following systems, and getting details right

Investigative

solving problems, analyzing evidence, and figuring out how things work

O*NET job zone 3 of 5

Medium preparation—often vocational training, an associate degree, or substantial experience—is usually needed.

Work styles that matter most

Attention to DetailDependabilityCautiousnessIntegrity

Software that shows up in the work

Examples employers report—not a checklist you must already know.

Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft WordAutodesk AutoCADMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft Windows

By the numbers

May 2025 BLS wage & employment data · 2024–34 BLS employment projections.

Median pay
$103,020
per year
Hourly median
$49.53
per hour
What most earn
$65,730–$129,920
yearly, 10th to 90th percentile
Openings a year
~2,000
projected, 2024–34
Outlook to 2034
+5.5%
Faster than average
Working in the U.S.
20,720
people, nationwide

Openings a year counts new jobs plus the ones that open when people retire or move on — a truer picture of your odds than growth alone.

“Median” means half earn more and half earn less. Your city, employer, and years on the job move it a lot — that is what the 10th-to-90th range shows.

What it pays in your state

Statewide medians are a better starting point than the national number. Your city and experience still matter.

BLS state wage tables

How you get in

Typical starting education

Certificate program

Training path: Technical program followed by paid utility training.

Related work experience: Less than 5 years.

On-the-job training: Moderate-term on-the-job training.

License or certification

No license required to start in most places.

You can earn while you train. This field has a genuinely paid pathway in — an apprenticeship, a paid academy, or employer-funded training — so you draw a paycheck instead of taking on debt to learn it.

Check the path where you live

Licensing rules and available programs change by state. These federal tools take you to the current official listings.

What it takes

Electrical testingRelay systemsTroubleshootingSafety

The honest take

Tests and repairs the control, relay, and switching equipment that protects the electric grid.

Standard Occupational Classification 49-2095. Pay and employment from the BLS May 2025 OEWS survey; outlook and openings from the 2024–34 employment projections; job context from the Occupational Outlook Handbook; tasks, interests, work styles, software examples, and job zone from O*NET 30.3. See something off? Tell us.