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Air Traffic Controller

$148,080
median / year
$78,420 – $215,610
what most earn per year (10th–90th percentile)

What the job actually is

Direct aircraft safely on the ground and in the air, coordinating takeoffs, landings, and routes.

You may also see this posted as: Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS), Air Traffic Controller (ATC), Certified Professional Controller (CPC), Enroute Air Traffic Controller (Enroute ATC), Center Air Traffic Controller (Center ATC), Control Tower Operator.

Where you work

Control towers and radar centers; intense focus at screens and windows.

The hours

Shift work including nights, weekends, and holidays; rotating schedules.

The day to day

What you'd actually spend time doing

  • Inform pilots about nearby planes or potentially hazardous conditions, such as weather, speed and direction of wind, or visibility problems.
  • Issue landing and take-off authorizations or instructions.
  • Transfer control of departing flights to traffic control centers and accept control of arriving flights.
  • Provide flight path changes or directions to emergency landing fields for pilots traveling in bad weather or in emergency situations.
  • Alert airport emergency services in cases of emergency or when aircraft are experiencing difficulties.

Good fit if you like…

Conventional

organizing information, following systems, and getting details right

Realistic

working with tools, equipment, materials, or the physical world

Enterprising

leading, persuading, selling, or turning an idea into action

O*NET job zone 3 of 5

Medium preparation—often vocational training, an associate degree, or substantial experience—is usually needed.

Work styles that matter most

CautiousnessAttention to DetailStress ToleranceSelf-Control

Software that shows up in the work

Examples employers report—not a checklist you must already know.

Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointAdobe AcrobatMicrosoft Access

By the numbers

May 2025 BLS wage & employment data · 2024–34 BLS employment projections.

Median pay
$148,080
per year
Hourly median
$71.19
per hour
What most earn
$78,420–$215,610
yearly, 10th to 90th percentile
Openings a year
~2,200
projected, 2024–34
Outlook to 2034
+1.2%
Little change
Working in the U.S.
22,510
people, nationwide

Openings a year counts new jobs plus the ones that open when people retire or move on — a truer picture of your odds than growth alone.

“Median” means half earn more and half earn less. Your city, employer, and years on the job move it a lot — that is what the 10th-to-90th range shows.

What it pays in your state

Statewide medians are a better starting point than the national number. Your city and experience still matter.

BLS state wage tables

How you get in

Typical starting education

Associate degree

Training path: The FAA pays you to train at its academy — no degree required.

Related work experience: None.

On-the-job training: Long-term on-the-job training.

License or certification

Requires FAA training and certification; there is an age limit to enter.

You can earn while you train. This field has a genuinely paid pathway in — an apprenticeship, a paid academy, or employer-funded training — so you draw a paycheck instead of taking on debt to learn it.

Check the path where you live

Licensing rules and available programs change by state. These federal tools take you to the current official listings.

What it takes

ConcentrationQuick decisionsCommunicationComposure

The honest take

Six figures in your twenties with no bachelor's. Hard rule: apply before you turn 31.

Standard Occupational Classification 53-2021. Pay and employment from the BLS May 2025 OEWS survey; outlook and openings from the 2024–34 employment projections; job context from the Occupational Outlook Handbook; tasks, interests, work styles, software examples, and job zone from O*NET 30.3. See something off? Tell us.